Fencing

Most llama groups are readily contained by a 4ft fence, however, higher fences may be required to contain stud males if females are close by. Generally standard sheep or electric fencing works well, however barbed wire and star pickets are not recommended.

Feeding

Although the llama chews its cud, it is a modified ruminant ... having no rumen, only a three-chambered stomach.

It's dietary needs are carbohydrates; some proteins; fats; vitamins and minerals. A variety of properly managed forage will supply most of these things, but supplements such as hay and grain or pellets can be beneficial.

Health

Good llama management is a mix of common sense and the animal's owners understanding of his/her animals. Llamas are healthy, stoic creatures … and if under daily observation, it soon becomes apparent whether or not the animals are

behaving normally. If something is amiss, don't wait … seek the advice of your veterinarian.

An unwell llama may stay apart from the herd and/or be slow in coming at feeding time. It may 'kush' (sit down) more than usual or lie on its side for long periods.

Breeding

Female llamas reach maturity around 24 months and males are usually ready to breed between 24-36 months. However, young males often mimic adult breeding practices, therefore, as they can become fertile early, it is unwise to have weanling males run with unjoined females, particularly as early-age pregnancies will inhibit both the health and physical development of a female llama.

Llamas are induced ovulators, so may be bred at any time of the year, but it is wise to avoid cria-ing during winter. The gestation period is usually 350 days.

Vaccinations

Half-yearly clostridial injections are recommended, but check with your local vet or agricultural department for advice on area-specific requirements. The llama's use of a communal manure pile decreases the risk of internal parasites but again, drenching for worms may be necessary in autumn and spring.

These are used in combat and are extremely sharp. It's best to have your vet remove them, especially if males are to be kept together.

Feet

Llamas have soft padded two-toed feet. Their toe nails may need trimming, depending upon whether they run on hard rocky or soft grassy ground, but the amount of trimming varies between llamas. Nail trimmers used for sheep and goats work well.

Transportation

These animals are easily transported and require no specialized equipment. They load easily into a horse float, van or covered, wind-proof stock crate. Good ventilation is important in both summer and winter. In transit, llamas generally sit (kush).

Usually, if encouraged to visit the manure pile before departure ... and if the trip is not too long ... they'll wait until reaching their destination before